Photographs Of Newcastle: Seaton Sluice

Seaton Sluice is a village divided by a bridge, across the Seaton Burn, situated in Northumberland. It lies on the coast at the mouth of the Seaton Burn, midway between Whitley Bay and Blyth. It has a population of about 3,000 people.

Early history

Seaton Sluice lies just short of 1km north of the village of Hartley, and was once part of it, being called Hartley Pans, because of the salt-pans that were used to make salt there from as far back as 1236. Hartley was once an area stretching from the Brier Dene Burn (in present-day Whitley Bay) to the Seaton Burn, which belonged to Tynemouth Priory. In 1100 the land became the property of the Hubert de Laval, nephew by marriage to William the Conqueror. The de Lavals (or Delavals) settled about 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) inland from Hartley Pans and their place of residence became Seaton Delaval, the name 'Seaton' being derived from Old English meaning a settlement (ton) by the sea.

Harbour improvements

Before 1550 the salt produced at Hartley Pans had been transported to Blyth to be exported, but after that date it was shipped directly from the small, natural harbour. The village henceforth became known as Hartley Haven, and was used for the export of coal as well as salt. However the harbour was prone to silting, which limited access by ships. This problem was tackled by Sir Ralph Delaval (1622–1691), who had a pier constructed, and sluice gates that trapped the seawater at each high tide. At low tide the gates were opened, flushing the sand out of the harbour. Henceforth the village became known as Seaton Sluice.

The harbour remained like this until the 1760s, when Sir John Hussey Delaval had a new entrance made for the harbour by blasting a channel through solid rock, providing what was known as 'The Cut', 54 feet (16 m)deep, 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and 900 feet (270 m) long. The new channel was opened in 1763 and, as a result, the land between the old harbour entrance and the new channel became an island, known as 'Rocky Island'. The new channel could be sealed off at both ends to allow loading to continue no matter what the state of the tide. On the other side of the old channel, opposite Rocky Island, was a ballast hill known as Sandy Island, built up from the ballast of ships entering the harbour. The ballast hill and The Cut can still be seen.

The new entrance proved to be a success, and in 1777, 177 ships sailed out of the harbour carrying 48,000 tonnes of coal. The coal was brought to the harbour from nearby collieries via wagonways, with coal wagons being drawn by horses. Salt continued to be exported from Seaton Sluice until 1798, when a new salt tax put an end to the trade.

The bottleworks

In 1763 Sir Francis Blake Delaval (1727–1771) obtained Parliamentary approval to develop 10 hectares of land at Seaton Sluice as glassworks. The works was known as 'The Royal Hartley Bottleworks'. Sir Francis needed skilled glassmakers, and his brother Tom Delaval brought skilled men from Neinberg, in Germany, to train the local men in glassmaking. The works used local materials: sea sand, sea kelp, clay from the links and local coal. The glassworks expanded with time and eventually had six large cone-shaped furnaces which dominated the skyline; they were given the names: Gallagan, Bias, Charlotte, Hartley, Waterford and Success. The three larger cones were 130 feet (40 m) tall. In 1777 production reached 1,740,000 bottles per year. Bottles were sent down to the harbour via narrow gauge railways running through tunnels. The tunnels were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War.

The bottles were carried to London on 'bottle sloops', slightly smaller than collier brigs, about 50 feet (15 m) long. A distinctive feature was that the main mast could be lowered, allowing them to pass under the arches of old London Bridge. A bottle sloop would make one round trip to London per month, as did the collier brigs. Bottles were also exported to Europe.

The bottleworks were so large that they contained a market place, a brewery, a granary, a brickyard, a chapel, shops, public houses and a quarry. The workers lived in stone-built houses in several streets around the bottleworks. In 1768 a shipyard was established. Unfortunately, competition from other glass-making centres led to a decline in orders and the bottleworks closed in 1872. The last bottles to leave were on the 'Unity of Boston', bound for the Channel Islands. A few years later, in 1896, the cone-shaped furnaces were demolished and replaced by houses. Nowadays there is hardly any trace of the original bottleworks.

Decline of the coal trade

Even with the harbour improvements made by the Delaval family, the harbour was still limited in the size of ships that it could handle. Meanwhile, competing ports such as Blyth, to the north, and the Tyne to the south spent money improving the dock facilities. The new Northumberland Dock on the Tyne was completed in 1857. Seaton Sluice found it difficult to compete with these larger facilities.

A further blow to the coal trade from Seaton Sluice was the Hartley pit disaster that occurred at the village of New Hartley, about 2 miles (3 kilometres) west of Seaton Sluice. The Hester Pit was the main source of local coal. However, in 1862 there was a disaster when the beam of the pumping engine broke and fell down the only mineshaft, blocking it and trapping the miners underground. In all, 204 men and boys perished, in some cases several from the same family. The disaster led to the legal requirement in future mines, that there should always be two shafts. The loss of production from the Hester pit spelled the end of the coal trade from Seaton Sluice, and it became a quiet backwater.

An attempt in the early part of the 20th century to develop the village as a tourist resort failed as a railway line, intended to lead north up the coast from Whitley Bay, was partly constructed but then abandoned as the First World War intervened. The remains of railway bridges and embankments can still be seen to the west of St Mary's Island.

Local interest

The Octagon, is a small castellated building to the east of the Waterford Arms. It was built sometime before 1750 as the Harbour Office. It is claimed that it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh. It is now a private art gallery.

Seaton Delaval Hall, built by Sir John Vanbrugh between 1718 and 1729, for Admiral George Delaval, is on the outskirts of Seaton Sluice, on the road to Seaton Delaval. The hall, which is a Grade 1 listed building, is now owned by the National Trust and is open to visitors on designated days.

Starlight Castle, Near to Seaton Delaval Hall is the Church of Our Lady, built by the Delaval family in the 12th century, and altered in the 14th and 19th centuries. It is a Grade 1 listed building.

Holywell Dene is a tree-lined valley through which the Seaton Burn flows to Seaton Sluice. The valley contains paths running alongside the burn and is maintained by the group 'Friends of Holywell Dene'. There is a folly on the north bank of the dene known as 'Starlight Castle'. This was built by Sir Francis Delaval in 1750 after accepting a bet that he could build a home for a lady friend in a day.

North of the harbour mouth, past Sandy Island, are Blyth Sands, a wide, sandy beach, backed by sand dunes, stretching all the way to Blyth Harbour.

Seaton Sluice contains the following public houses:

The Kings Arms – the oldest pub in the village, situated right next to the bridge leading to Rocky Island. It was constructed in the mid-eighteenth century as the overseer’s house, but later became a pub.
The Waterford Arms – situated above the quay, named in honour of Susanna, Marchioness of Waterford, granddaughter to Lord Delaval who inherited the estate in 1822. The pub occupies the site of the brewery that supplied beer to the ships, as well as to the glassworkers at the bottleworks.
The Melton Constable – built in 1839, on the north side of the burn. It was named in honour of the Astley family of Melton Constable in Norfolk, who inherited the Delaval estates in 1814.
The Delaval Arms – situated at the south end of Hartley.
The Astley Arms – situated at the north end of Seaton Sluice.
There is also Seaton Sluice Working Men's Club near the Waterford Arms.

Information courtesy of Wikipedia.

9th May 2019

The Harbour and Seafront.

Sir Ralph Delaval built the harbour at Seaton Sluice in the 17th century. It was large enough to take 14 ships, and was built to ship coal from the developing coal mines in the area. It was altered and enlarged in the mid 18th century when the `New Cut' was built. It became the centre for many industries including a glassworks, a brewery, brickworks and a quarry. It finally fell out of use in the mid 19th century.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Keys To The Past.

Turntable Mechanism near The Kings Arms.

Turntable mechanism, C18 or early C19. Cast iron. Circular plate with central rotating platform on pivot; originally used in monitoring the passage of vessels through the cut, and the exaction of a toll. The cut was constructed 1761-4; the last coal shipment left in 1861.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Historic England.

The Waterford Arms.

The Kings Arms.

The Kings Arms is a public house located by the harbour in Seaton Sluice. Originally, the King's Arms Hotel and coach-house was built in the 18th century. The coach-house was used as the H.M. Coastguard station in the 19th century.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Co-Curate.

The Melton Constable.

The Melton Constable is a pub in Seaton Sluice, on the north side of the Seaton Burn, overlooking Holywell Dene. It was built in c.1839 as the Melton Constable Hotel and the first landlord was Mr James Thompson. It is named after the Astley family of Melton Constable in Norfolk, who inherited the Delaval estates in 1814.

Source: Co-Curate.

Watch House Museum.

The Watch House on Rocky Island in Seaton Sluice was opened on 14th January 1880, built for the Seaton Sluice Volunteer Life-Saving Company which was founded earlier in 1876. The building served as an auxiliary coast guard station until 1990.

The building is now a museum owned by Northumberland County Council and run in collaboration with Seaton Sluice and Old Hartley Local History Society. The museum is open some Sundays, Harbour Day and Open Heritage Days. "Find out about 'The Hartley Hero' and his fellow 'rocket men' of the volunteer life saving company. Or the amazing story of the clipper 'California' and her figurehead wrecked at St Mary's Island in January 1913. Plus a permanent collection of historic photographs on the history of Seaton Sluice."

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Co-Curate.

Statues near Seaton Sluice Boating Association.

The Octagon.

The Tower House Gallery (also known as the 'Octagon') in Seaton Sluice was built in the early-to-mid 18th century for use as His Majesty’s Revenue Office and also the harbour masters house. The Delaval family funded the building and its design was possibly by Sir John Vanbrugh who built the nearby Seaton Delaval Hall, but there is no documentary proof of this.

There is a local story that Wellington and the other Admirals had a meeting here during the Napoleonic Wars. In the 19th century the building was used as a public reading room, and by the 20th century was being used as a residential house. Today the building is an art gallery with a resident artist.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Co-Curate.

War Memorial.

The memorial stands on the Green, close to the junction of Collywell Bay Road and West Terrace. It takes the form of a plain Latin cross standing at the top of a column, square on plan, which rises from a pedimented pedestal. The pedestal stands on a stepped base. The monument is enclosed by a low stone kerb and railings, with a gate to the W side. The column’s cornice includes dentils on the bed-moulding.

Below the cornice the column shaft is decorated with festoons of oak leaves carved in low relief. A wreath is carved in low relief on each face to the foot of the column shaft. An acroterion is mounted at the apex of each pediment of the pedestal, whilst the frieze below is decorated with a repeating interlace pattern encircling carved flower-heads.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Historic England.

Lamp Standard, Albert Road.

Lamp standard, late C19, by Webb Lamp Co. Ltd. of Birmingham. Cast iron, painted dark and light blue. Moulded base, fluted shaft with swept foot, ladder rests, circular head with domed cover and finial. Plates with maker's name and 'J.E. WEBBS PATENT SEWER GAS DESTRUCTOR' on base.

Grade 2 Listed. Source: Historic England.